The research studied the humus state and humus reserves in a layer of 0-20 cm for 3 types of deposits in the steppe zone of the Akmola region on southern chernozems, on which agricultural use was discontinued in different periods of time. An assessment of the postagrogenic recovery of humus content in deposits of different ages is given. It was determined that the content and reserves of humus in layers 0-10 and 10-20 cm differ significantly depending on the age of fallow lands. Also, a change in soil density in a 20-centimeter soil layer was found with an increase in the age of the deposit. This indicates the processes of natural reproduction of humus of southern chernozems in the region during post-agrogenic land restoration, using the example of a deposit. The increase in the age of the deposit was accompanied by an increase in humus content and soil density. The results obtained allowed to determine the prospects for their further use in agriculture.

   The article considers the prospects for the introduction of intermediate winter, post-harvest and early spring green manure plants as green fertilizers in the structure of sown areas of agricultural enterprises of the Kyrgyz Republic, conducting irrigated agriculture. The studies of intermediate winter, post-harvest and early spring green manure plants tested in Kyrgyzstan are relevant and are of theoretical and practical interest for the country's agro-industrial complex and serve to fully ensure food security of the country. Thus, fresh phytomasses of stubble green manure in the soil leave 165.07-343.61 kg/ha of nitrogen, 12.57-24.71 kg/ha of phosphorus and 105.43-237.28 kg/ha of potassium, which create a positive balance of nutrients - nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and act as green fertilizers. The supply of fresh plant masses of winter, post-harvest and early spring intermediate crops of green manure plants does not occupy additional arable land and is an economically and environmentally beneficial innovative agricultural technology. Fresh green mass of the studied intermediate green manure crops has narrow carbon to nitrogen ratios and provides an increase in the biological activity of the soil and promotes faster mineralization of plant residues in the soil, since the consortium of soil microorganisms actively responds to the fresh supply of green fertilizers, improving the ecology of soils, which is accompanied by a positive restructuring of the microbial consortium and its functional activity. An increase in the microbiological activity of soils is accompanied by replenishment of soil organic matter and the release of easily digestible forms of nutrients, which serve to increase the yield of agricultural crops. It is advisable to place intermediate winter, post-harvest and early spring green manure crops in fields where row crops (potatoes, vegetables, beans, sugar beets, etc.) are repeatedly or monoculturally cultivated. They introduce plant diversity into the structure of crop areas, which improves the phytosanitary condition of irrigated arable land, and also enriches the soil with fresh phytomass and can stop the degradation of soil fertility of irrigated arable land, which is observed everywhere today. The introduction of winter, stubble and early spring intermediate green manure plants into the structure of crop areas of agricultural enterprises in the Kyrgyz Republic meets the requirements of organic farming for obtaining environmentally friendly products of agrocenoses and the sowing areas of intermediate green manure should be increased everywhere.

   This paper presents the results of a study of the biodiversity of soil microscopic fungi isolated in the autumn-summer period from the rhizosphere of halophytic plants growing in the Akmola, Almaty and Turkestan regions (Kazakhstan). To create biopreparations that stimulate growth and protect planting material in forest park zones and horticultural farms, we isolated and identified 352 cultivated microorganisms belonging to the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter, Curtobacterium, Erwinia and others. In total, we studied 8 microscopic fungi. Isolation and cultivation of fungi were carried out on Czapek medium at 28 °С ± 2 °С for 10 days. In addition to using methods for studying the cultural and morphological features of fungi, molecular genetic methods were also used. Identification using the method of comparing nucleotide sequences encoding the 18SрRNA gene of the cultures we isolated showed that their diversity is limited to representatives of only three genera: Fusarium, Alternaria, Penicillium, with the latter two dominating.

   The article presents the results of field studies conducted in the foothill plain of southeastern Kazakhstan in the subzone of light gray soils. Here, on the territory of peasant farms, heavy loamy semihydromorphic solonetz soils of pure soda and mixed soda salinity with increased alkalinity (pH 9.0-10.0) are widespread in the form of spots in microdepressions. Despite their strong solonetzic nature and poor water-physical properties, they are annually subjected to all types of agricultural practices. However, due to the low yield on the noted spots, significant material resources are depreciated. Phosphogypsum, which is a waste product, is still used for their melioration. It is most effective on chloride-sulphate and sulphate-chloride solonetz soils, and is generally ineffective on soda soils. In recent years, in the Republic, due to the accumulation of a huge amount of sulphur, it has been tested as an ameliorant under conditions of only a model experiment. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to determine the comparative melioration efficiency of elemental sulphur with more promising types of ameliorants and to test it in real production conditions. The results of the experiments showed that among the ameliorants, sulfuric acid was more effective than other ameliorants only in terms of the speed and intensity of interaction and in terms of alfalfa productivity (193.20 c/ha per year). However, after a three-year study, the concentrations of carbonate and hydrocarbonate ions in the soil solution were gradually restored. In terms of the duration of the ameliorative effect and alfalfa productivity, the incubation of elemental sulfur was the most effective. Its use made it possible to reduce the very strongly alkaline environment of the studied soils to slightly alkaline (pH 7.8 in the 0-20 cm layer) and completely neutralize soda (CO₃²- in the 0-60 cm thickness 0.00 mg-eq). In addition, as a result of long-term sulfur incubation and alfalfa cultivation, the studied soil becomes non-alkaline and slightly saline in the thickness of 0-40 cm, which in the end allowed to obtain a yield of green mass of alfalfa (193.20 c/ha), not inferior to the variant with sulfuric acid.

   The article provides information about the effect of phosphorus plant emissions on the soil-plant system. Emissions from phosphorus factories in Zhambyl region pose an environmental threat to the soils used for agricultural purposes, plants and residents located near them. The basis for evaluating the geochemical structure is to provide a description of the patterns of territorial and image location of heavy metals in soils, to determine the features of their migration and accumulation, and to study the stability of landscapes to pollution. About the amount of general and mobile types of heavy metals in the soils of the studied facility. Analytical data on the amount of general and mobile types of heavy metals in the soils of the studied facility showed that they were in acceptable concentrations. Some minor increases in total zinc, copper and cadmium in the soils of some sites can be explained by soil-forming rocks. In samples of amaranth plants, 10.4 times exceeding the limit permissible concentration of lead was recorded, as well as 3.2 and 3.6 times exceeding the limit permissible concentration of cadmium in the roots and leaves of large cypress.

   In this article, the influence of biological preparations on the germination energy and germination of onion, carrot and table beet seeds has been studied and established. Scientific research was carried out in laboratory conditions of the department “Technologies for the cultivation of vegetable crops (group of agrochemistry and plant protection)” of the regional branch “Kainar” of the «Kazakh Research Institute of Horticulture and Vegetables» LLP. The scientific article provides data for 2024. The results of laboratory studies showed that pre-sowing treatment of onion seeds and root crops (carrots, beets) with biological preparations improved their growth parameters. The best indicators of germination energy and seed germination were noted in variants where onion seeds were treated with TRAINER, Gumat (calcium humate), ALKARAL Herb, and AMINO CORE; on carrots - with ALKARAL Herb, Bioenzyme+K, Gumat (calcium humate) and TRAINER, on table beets - with Scudo, AMINO CORE, Gumat (calcium humates) and ALKARAL Herb. It was found that the use of biological preparations increased the germination of onion seeds to 5,3-10,0 %, carrots - to 3,0-8,2 %, table beets - to 4,3 %-5,8 %.

   This paper studies the impact of expanded vermiculite, humic substances and organomineral ameliorant fertilizers obtained by immobilizing humic substances on expanded vermiculite on the growth of corn plants. Immobilization of humic substances on natural aluminosilicates, such as expanded vermiculite allows achieving a synergistic effect combining the ameliorative properties of expanded vermiculite, which improves soil structure and water-holding capacity with the fertilizing properties of humic substances, stimulating plant growth and increasing their resistance to stress. In addition, the use of this organomineral ameliorant-fertilizer of prolonged action helps maintain soil fertility for a long time due to the gradual release of nutrients and improvement of the agrochemical characteristics of the soil. Indicators of total biomass, root and aboveground part mass, number and mass of green leaves, as well as morphometric parameters such as plant height and stem thickness were considered in laboratory experiments. The obtained results demonstrate a significant improvement in plant growth when using the developed ameliorant fertilizers under conditions of moisture deficiency and highly depleted soils. According to the results of the experiment, the total biomass with roots increased by 57.3 % when using expanded vermiculite and by 80.7% when adding humic substances. The use of the ameliorant fertilizer "GumiVer" (soil : GumiVer/9 : 1) increased the biomass by 127.6 % compared to the control, which confirms the synergistic effect between the components of the ameliorant fertilizer. The increase in the mass of the aboveground part and the mass of roots when using the ameliorant fertilizer "GumiVer" was 135.8 and 107.3 %, respectively.

   The article presents the results of a study on the effect of mineral fertilizers on reducing the variability of spring soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield under various hydrothermal conditions. Wheat was grown in a crop rotation with traditional and no-till technology of soil cultivation on southern carbonate chernozem with a pea predecessor. It was established that the
maximum content of productive moisture in the meter-thick soil layer before sowing wheat after peas was observed in 2019, its amount with traditional technology was 163,6 mm, with zero technology – 180 mm, the minimum in 2020 was 112,4 and 84,5 mm, respectively. The maximum yield of spring wheat in the unfertilized version was obtained in 2019 – 25,4 c/ha with traditional technology and 22,3 c/ha with zero technology. The minimum yield was noted in 2022 – 14,1 and 8,8 c/ha, respectively. The use of ammophos (P20) in rows during sowing provided an average increase in the wheat grain yield for 2018-2022 with traditional technology by 3.1 c/ha (control 19,2 c/ha). Surface application of ammonium nitrate (in autumn or spring) together with ammophos significantly increased wheat yield by another 3,0-3,3 c/ha. With no-till technology, ammophos increased grain harvest by 3,5 c/ha (control 15,8 c/ha), additional application of ammonium nitrate provided a similar effect. Under traditional technology, the lowest variability in spring wheat yield was obtained in the variant with annual pre-sowing application of ammonium nitrate at a dose of P20 (19,0 %). With no-till technology, the variation coefficient was high in all variants, especially pronounced in the variant with row application of ammonium nitrate at a dose of N30–47,3 %.

   In the article describes the patterns of distribution of saline soils of Kazakhstan and the Republic of Karakalpakstan, describes the features of salt accumulation processes depending on geological development and identifies soil-halogeochemical provinces. Reclamation measures for their development are recommended. The most effective method of reclamation of carp hydromorphic meadow salt marshes of the chloride-sulfate type of salinization is flushing against the background of open deep horizontal drainage. Flushing of meadow salt marshes of the foothill plain of the Trans-Ili Alatau with a water norm of 5 thousand m3/ha ensures the settlement of a soil-soil column with a capacity of 0-80 cm. Carrying out further reclamation measures with alfalfa cultivation for three years leads to a decrease in salt reserves by 29 tons/ha.